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Центр межкультурных исследований им. А.А. Леонтьева

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2232 дня назад

13 декабря 2018 c 17:30 до 19:00

Москва

Б. Кисловский, 1с1

Speaker: Alfredo Ardila, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication

A brief overview of the book “Historical Development of Human Cognition” (Ardila, 2018)

will be presented. Initially it will be emphasized that contemporary man (Homo sapiens)

has lived on the earth since approximately 200 thousand years ago. During this time

the brain’ s structure has barely changed. Consequently, recent human evolution

represents a cultural evolution, which is not based on neuroanatomical changes, but

rather on the development of certain cultural products. it is easy to conclude that human

brain adaptation was accomplished to survive in Stone Age life conditions (representing

over 95% of human history) more so than in conditions existing nowadays. Basic

cognitive abilities existing in the Homo sapiens 200 housand years ago, and supporting

human contemporary complex cognition can be regarded as “preadaptations”. Some

examples of “preadaptations” are examined. Two examples of cultural evolution are

discussed: (1) Origins of calculation abilities, and (2) Origins of writing.

Calculation ability represents a particularly complex cognitive process. It has been

proposed to represent a multifactor skill, including verbal, spatial, somatic, memory,

and executive function abilities. Different levels of numerical knowledge can be

distinguished, from global quantification to arithmetic. Numerical abilities are based on

finger knowledge and the use of spatial relations in language. Numerical abilities have

been related to the activity of a quite specific brain area: the left intraparietal sulcus.

Initially writing (or rather, prewriting) was a visuoconstructive ability (i.e., representing

external elements visually), and only later did it become an ideomotor praxis ability (i.e.,

making certain learned and fixed sequences of movements with the hand to create a

pictogram— a standardized representation of external elements). Still later, after writing

became an ideomotor praxis ability, it became a linguistic ability (i.e., associating the

pictogram with a word, and further analyzing the word in its constituting sounds). Thus,

it can be proposed that writing is based in three different abilities: visuoconstructive,

praxic, and linguistic. It is not surprising that three different types of writing disturbances

are observed in cases of brain pathology.

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Historical Development of Human Cognition

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